Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer in which cancer cells are formed in different parts of the ovary. These cells are unable to influence the external surface of the ovary. In most cases, women suffer from Epithelial ovarian cancer. This type of cancer occurs mostly in the outer surface of the ovary. Recent studies have shown that ovarian cancer may also develop in the fallopian tubes.
There are no specific symptoms for ovarian cancer. These signs and symptoms can be confused with other less dangerous diseases. Women suffering from ovarian cancer, signs as abdominal discomfort or pain, swelling and bloating in the abdomen, the urgency to urinate often, constipation and other symptoms. Some of the specific symptoms that are complaining are pain, abnormal bleeding in the vagina or weight loss. Sometimes this may be due to accumulation of fluid or create in the abdominal cavity.
Ovarian cancer can be classified into four different stages. Each stage has shown the extent to which the spread of cancer cells. If 1 or 2 stage ovarian cancer is diagnosed, the chances of survival, and more. Four different stages of ovarian cancer are:
Stage 1: cancer cells are found in one or both ovaries. Cancer cells develop in one ovary. These cells gradually spread to the outer surface of the body and affect both ovaries.
Stage 2: cancer cells affect both ovaries and advancing to attack other parts of the pelvis. They may include the uterus and fallopian tubes. They can slowly extend bladder, colon and rectal cancer.
Phase 3: during the initial stages this stage ovarian cancer attacked abdomen in small quantities. Slowly, the cells further spread and affect the stomach and nearby lymph nodes.
Step 4: this is the last stage of ovarian cancer. Cancer cells in the body and also attacked other organs like the kidneys and the lungs.
The actual cause of ovarian cancer are not yet understood. If the history of ovarian cancer and breast cancer in your family, you are at higher risk of developing cancer cells in the ovary. Women who cannot conceive or use after menopause hormone replacement therapy were at higher risk.
Procedure to diagnose ovarian cancer includes a physical exam, pelvic examination, ultrasound or trans vaginal ultrasound and blood tests. The operation is performed to verify the abdominal cavity and biopsy is performed to ensure the presence of fluid in the abdominal cavity. Ovarian cancer treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery.
Operation can be of different types. If only one ovary has been affected, you can get the ovary and fallopian tubes removed. This is called total abdominal hysterectomy. Sometimes women may be asked to obtain ovarian, uterus and fallopian tubes removed. Debulking, the surgeon can do when cancer cells spread to other parts of the body.
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